The Duluth model power and control wheel was originally created in 1982 by Ellen Pence, Coral McDonnell, and Michael Paymar as part of a response to a court ordered programme for men using violence and abuse in thier intimate relationships - The Domestic Abuse Intervention Programmes (DAIP). The family abuse and mutual respect wheels based on the Duluth wheel concept was developed by Gregory Routt and Lillian Anderson (2015). The family abuse and mutual respect wheels are an integral part of the Step-up programme hosted by the children and family justice centre in Kings County, USA. In 2022 Helen Bonnick and Vicky Baker wrote a series of 3 papers giving an overview of child to parent abuse (CPA) in response to an increase in calls wanting to discuss CPA from different perspectives. Bonnick and Baker (2022) adapted the ‘Abuse and Disrespect wheel’ as well as an updated adaption (Baker 2021) of an ecological approach that explores some of the reasons why CPA happens. The family abuse wheel was created to reflect the dynamics of family violence within the home environment and how it differed from some of the behaviours seen on the original Power and control wheel relating to domestic violence and abuse. Building upon the work of DAIP, Routt and Anderson (2015) and Bonnick and Baker (2022), Silenced CIC has adapted the wheels and included an emotional wheel to aid response based practice 1-1 sessions and group sessions. As with the Duluth model, the wheels can be used independently from a programme as an interim provision until the appropriate provision is in place; it can also be used to ascertain risk levels in the family home.
For further guidance and training on using the CPA Duluth wheel please contact Maria via email: info@silenced.org.uk
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